Space weather refers to the variable conditions on the sun and in space that can influence the performance of technology we use on Earth. Space weather can produce electromagnetic fields that induce extreme currents in wires, disrupting power lines, and even causing widespread power outages. Severe space weather also produces solar energetic particles, which can damage satellites used for commercial communications, global positioning, intelligence gathering and weather forecasting.

The sun is the main source of space weather. Sudden bursts of plasma and magnetic field structures from the sun’s atmosphere called coronal mass ejections together with sudden bursts of radiation, or solar flares, all cause space weather effects here on Earth.

Space weather-related power outages can cause:

• Loss of water and wastewater distribution systems  
• Loss of perishable foods and medications 
• Loss of heating/air conditioning and all electrical systems that do not have backup power 
• Loss of computer systems, telephone systems and communication systems 
• Loss of fuel distribution systems and fuel pipelines  

During a space weather occurrence, keep your electricity usage as low as possible to help power companies prevent blackouts during periods when the power grid is compromised. If there are power outages in your area, the elapsed time to fix it can be super unpredictable. Extended power outages may impact the whole community and the economy. Prepare for a power outage beforehand by taking inventory of the items you need that rely on electricity. Plan for batteries and other alternative power sources to meet your needs when the power goes out, such as a portable charger. When the power goes out:

• Keep freezers and refrigerators closed 
• Use a generator, but ONLY outdoors and away from windows 
• Do not use a gas stove or oven to heat your home 
• Disconnect appliances and electronics to avoid damage from electrical surges 
• Have alternative plans for refrigerating medicines or using power-dependent medical devices  

After a space weather occurrence, throw away any food that has been exposed to a temperature of 40 degrees or higher for two hours or more, or that has an unusual odor, color, or texture. NEVER taste food or rely on appearance to determine its safety. Some foods may look and smell fine, but if they have been at room temperature for too long, bacteria that cause foodborne illnesses can start growing quickly.